Sales at gasoline stations fell 1.8 percent in July, reflecting a steady retreat in gas prices from the record highs seen in mid-June. Purchases at motor vehicle and parts dealers dropped 1.6 percent.
“July retail sales data provided an encouraging signal for a third-quarter GDP rebound after two quarters of contraction. Declining gasoline prices gave consumers some much-needed respite, and they were able to reroute some spending.”
Meantime, sales picked up elsewhere. Nine of the 13 retail categories showed increases last month, according to the report, including building material stores, non-store retailers and electronics. Prior to July, overall retail sales had risen every month this year.
A pullback in consumer spending — the main engine of US growth — is a necessary element in the Federal Reserve’s inflation fight. Policy makers are seeking to cool the economy enough to tame price increases, but not so much as to cause a recession or drive a surge in unemployment. Wednesday’s report is one of many data points the central bank will consider when deciding the size of another rate hike next month.
Treasury yields held gains and the S&P 500 index opened lower after the data, which suggested consumer discretionary spending is solid enough to keep the Fed on a path of aggressive interest-rate hikes.
Earnings out this week have also shed light on the health of US consumers. After slashing its outlook a few weeks ago, Walmart Inc. said results improved more than expected in late July thanks to robust back-to-school sales, lower fuel prices and more buying by wealthier customers seeking bargains — a likely byproduct of inflation. Home Depot Inc. earnings beat estimates, but customer transactions fell for a fifth-straight quarter.
Target Corp., however, missed even the lowest profit estimates as the company cut prices on home appliances, patio furniture and other discretionary items to right-size inventory.
Grocery store sales were up 0.2 percent, likely reflecting rising food prices rather than a significant uptick in purchasing activity. Data out last week showed the cost of groceries has surged 13.1 percent in the last year, the most since 1979. Sales at restaurants and bars, the only services’ component in the report, climbed 0.1 percent, the weakest print since a decline in January.
The retail sales report primarily focuses on goods, not services. Consumers have been shifting back toward pre-pandemic spending patterns, which leans more on services like entertainment and travel, and away from the merchandise-heavy tilt of the past two years. A fuller picture of spending in July, which includes both services spending and inflation-adjusted figures, will be released later this month.
Sales receipts at non-store retailers — which includes e-commerce — climbed 2.7 percent. Amazon.com Inc.’s Prime Day, which occurred mid-month, likely played a role. The event was the largest on record, according to the company, as members bought more than 300 million items globally.
So-called control group sales — which are used to calculate gross domestic product and exclude food services, auto dealers, building materials stores and gasoline stations — were up a better-than-forecast 0.8 percent, matching the strongest since January.
